An Integrated Framework for Ought-to-be and Ought-to-do Constraints (Extended Abstract)
نویسندگان
چکیده
Deontic logic is the logic to reason about ideal and actual behaviour. Besides the traditional role as an underlying logic for law and ethics (for a survey see [MW]), in the realm of computer science, deontic logic has been proposed as a logic for the specification of legal expert systems [BMT87],[Sta80], authorization mechanisms [ML85], decision support systems [Kd.,88], [Lee88b],[Lee88a], database security rules [GMP89], fault-tolerant software [KM87], [Coe], and database integrity constraints[WMW89], [WWMD91]. A survey of applications can be found in [WM]. In all these areas, we must be able to reason about the difference between ideal and actual behaviour. In many cases, it is important to distinguish ought-to--do statements (which express imperatives of the form "an actor ought to perform an action") from ought-to--be statements (which express a desired state of affairs without necessarily mentioning actors and actions that have a relation with that state of affairs). There are situations where we would like to relate the two oughts with each other. For example, suppose we want to specify deontic integrity constraints for a bank data base. From the ought-to-be constraint
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